Assembly

IA32 Assembly Language As I was working on picoCTF2021 - filtered-shellcode challenge, I realized that I need to write the shellcode in 32 bit assembly rather than in 64 bit. And compiling 32 bit assembly code is different than compiling 64 bit assembly code using gcc. Great reference: https://academic.macewan.ca/boersn/images/quickref-20121215.pdf First, to create an object file, use nasm. nasm -f elf32 -o file.o file.s. This creates an object file file.o Then link the object file with ld. The object file must have global _start. ...